Productive structure, labor market, income distribution and economic marginalization

Productive structure, labor market, income distribution and economic marginalization in the context of Post-Neoliberal Reforms. A comparative study of macroeconomic and micro social processes. Scientific programming 2011-2014. Interdisciplinary Program at the University of Buenos Aires on Social marginalization. PIUBAMAS

Summary:

After the rise of the neoliberal reforms of the late twentieth century and its crisis at the beginning of the decade that now culminates in Argentina, began a process of recovery and strong economic growth with wide dynamic occupational absorption and some improvement social and working conditions. The basis of this renewed process of growth, however, have not finished being evaluated and therefore there is a need to investigate about their characteristics and their sustainability both economically and socially.

The overall objective of this research is to study to what extent the persistence of situations of economic marginalization in the economic formation postreform Argentina find no explanation in the production process and the functioning of public institutions, private social and labor market involved and social security, understanding that both dimensions play a key role in the distribution of income, opportunities for socio-occupational mobility and social integration conditions.

Taking into account various available research background is presented as a hypothesis the idea that although it has left behind the process of economic liberalization reforms of the nineties, since the structural limits of the capitalist development model and weak Argentine integration policies social, the urban labor market segmentation and barriers to socio-occupational mobility have not registered qualitative changes, while evidenced improvements are centrally related to the quantitative change observed without interruption before a reversal of such a framework.Following this general working hypothesis can be raised as concerns central interdisciplinary research the following questions:

(A) To what extent, taking as reference the macroeconomic changes and the outstanding growth recorded for the production, domestic market, employment and consumption during the post-devaluation period from 2002 to 2010, takes place an effective solution socioeconomic marginalization matrix feature of recent decades? Are the manifestations of its persistence are traits of a social and economic structure in the process of dissolution, or, on the contrary, are the expression of socio-productive dual surviving unchanged? Is that a particular evolution of Argentina or result of a Latin American or international scale?

(B) In any case, what are the socio-productive both economically and from the structure of market institutions and socio-occupational behavior-both from the perspective of demand and supply-drive in a context of renewed economic growth: i) to introduce an income distribution-both functional and capable of activating familiar upward economic mobility opportunities and socio-occupational or, ii) reproduce productive heterogeneity conditions, labor segmentation and social exclusion among surplus population? Are involved forms of «discrimination» in terms of the distribution of these opportunities for social ascent or descent as productive source of income, labor market type, class origin and / or socio-occupational profile?

Through the development of these questions, this project seeks to provide an alternative explanation line underdevelopment and social marginality present in Argentina, founded on the thesis that the achievements and limitations of the current economic model are not independent of the close relationship between a) the process of trade liberalization, economic liberalization and international integration, dynamics and intermediate sectors destruction of large capital concentration and b) increasing informal activities with low productivity associated with new surplus subsistence population generated by the above factors.

This particular historical scope is focused on explaining the meaning of changes in productive and distributive during the first decade of the century in Argentina, not only relevant for lack of studies that address this problem from two dimensions, but also for its theoretical and methodological relevance in both their study involves both recover the contributions Latin American structuralists-on underdevelopment and marginalization-, as meanings to them in the light of an interdisciplinary perspective that considers the changes to global and national level for the past 50 years economic history.

Objectives

1) Develop, reconstruct and examine comparable statistical data series for the last 35 years on the development of production, employment and wages sector and functional distribution of household income (labor and employment), the occupational qualification, precarious employment, unemployment, poverty, public transfers (contributory or not) and private income.

2) Study, including regional and international perspective, the particular way in which it operates the productive, deepening the analysis of the evolution of productivity and the degree of connection with the compensation. Analyze particularly the performance and prospects of the different layers of enterprise-SMEs and Large-way of analyzing the consequences they generate structural changes on the labor market and its tendency to segmentation.

3) Analyze and evaluate structural changes as historical periods of development (in principle, 1974-1979, 1980-1989, 1990-2001, 2002-2010) in the forms of productive integration (economic-occupational) force work, socio-occupational mobility and social reproduction of households, as well as their effects in terms of revenue and unearned, and extreme poverty and unequal income distribution.

4) Evaluate the extent to which phases of economic growth and shrinkage were able to alter substantially the structure of production and the labor market causing changes in levels of poverty and income distribution that can be sustained in the long term. In this framework, we seek to examine the way in which the sources of income and economic sectors, occupational, family microeconomic strategies and demographic changes contribute to the determination of structurally regressive pattern of income distribution and its underlying processes.

5) Describe and analyze a set of structural, socio-economic patterns and institutional mechanisms-processes associated with mobility / immobility socio-occupational integration / segregation and inclusion / exclusion operate economically on the conditions of production / reproduction most vulnerable sectors of the socio-occupational (youth, elderly, female heads of household with family responsibilities, structural and unemployed residents in distant geographical areas segregated and access to public goods and services, etc..).

6) To investigate to what extent the mobilization of family strategies deployed by different social sectors of economic marginality conditions (identified as surplus labor force that develops informal labor practices in subsistence economies) has improved or not employment opportunities , socio-occupational mobility and social integration in a context of new macro labor- economic, and political distributive conditions.

Given the multidimensional complex (economics-sociology) and multilevel (macro-micro) of the object of study, its multidisciplinary approach requires the development of different theoretical schemes, methodological strategies, types of sources and analysis techniques, some of which are common practices and even under previous history by both teams (eg labor market studies in the nineties in the joint project UBACyT E-026 Category C, scientific programming 2001-2003), while others are highly specialized discipline by each team (eg analysis of National Accounts by the CEPED-IIE-FCE and conducting household surveys and socio-occupational mobility by CEyDS-IIGG-FCS).

Members:

Director:
JAVIER LINDENBOIM
Co-Director:
AGUSTIN SALVIA

Formed Scholars/Researchers:
Eduardo Chávez Molina
Damián Kennedy
Julieta Vera
Juan Martín Graña
Eduardo Donza
Javier Curcio
Jésica Pla
María del Pilar Piqué

Fellow in Trainning/Assistants:
Agustín Arakaki
Juan Ignacio Bonfiglio
María Jimena Valez Tappatá
Florencia Jaccoud
Martín Gonilski Pacin
Laura Pacífico

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